Since knowledge differs from one individual to another and therefore the market prices do not reflect all the knowledge in the economy, the usual arguments for the efficiency of the price system are incompletely valid. It is necessary to add moral codes of behavior to permit markets to function, and it is essential to study how they might best be created and commonly accepted.

Kenneth J. ArrowStanford University

How can we replace the simplistic and outdated picture of rationality that undergirds neoliberalism?

Susan NeimanEinstein Forum

Just as regulation helps as a coordinating mechanism for addressing enterprise errors of commission (such as the use of child labor, release of unsafe products, publication of unaudited results), what models and methods might help enterprises coordinate better (and avoid a "sucker’s payoff") on errors of omission (such as establishing apprenticeship and mentoring for non-college youth; forbearing on excessive branding and advertising that provokes immoderate and positional consumption; organizing to pay adult workers a living rather than minimum wage when the latter is tenuously low; …)?

Subramanian RanganINSEAD

We need good public services provided by the state as well as a well functioning market economy. The two together can yield great social achievements that neither can do on its own. The market economy makes easy use of the profit motive, but it also needs, as Adam Smith argued, mechanisms for accountability and the development of a sense of personal responsibility.

Amartya SenHarvard University

ES&G or ES vs G?: Does corporate governance help or hurt environment and society?

Harrison HongColumbia University

Existing research on corporations still tends to center on how to maximize profit, but in the face of mounting complex societal problems, we need research to understand how organizations can effectively pursue social and commercial objectives at the same time; we cannot assume that what we know about how to maximize profit applies uniformly to how to pursue joint financial and social goals.

Julie BattilanaHarvard University

How do we enable workers to evolve their skill sets as rapidly as do the technologies with which they work?

David AutorMIT

How can information technology and low-cost capital equipment be used to create more democratic and human-scale enterprises?

Gerald DavisUniversity of Michigan

It would be useful to analyze the impact of the current global decline in the legitimacy of extreme neoliberal lines of thought on the development of organizational structures in economy, state and society.

John W. MeyerStanford University

I am hopeful that future research will help us understand how to solve problems of global coordination that disproportionately burden the powerless and the poor (problems such as climate change). Such solutions require a village -- we need to think about economic and political structures, but also about individual motivation and behavior and how the two interact.

Valerie TiberiusUniversity of Minnesota

How should we conceive of corporations and states and what stable arrangement ought to govern their mutual rights and responsibilities under conditions of globalization?

Philip PettitPrinceton University

How can the value of efficiency, promoted by the marketplace, be pursued without undermining other values such as fairness, equality, and kindness?

K. Anthony AppiahNew York University

Social critics lament a persistent tendency for market economies to favor private consumption over public consumption, which they attribute to the pernicious influence of advertising. This imbalance, however, is more plausibly rooted in a fundamental cognitive error: People believe, mistakenly, that higher taxes would create hardships akin to most other forms of declines in disposable income. But unlike higher taxes, which affect all income peers similarly and hence have no effect on relative purchasing power, most of the income reductions that people actually experience are individual-specific. People resist higher public spending because they mistakenly believe that the higher taxes necessary to pay for it will make it harder for them to buy the private goods they want.

Robert H. FrankCornell University

Given that we have now good reason to think that capitalism is in a crisis (see for instance recent work by Thomas Piketty or Robert Putnam), what can we learn from the various branches of socialism to make the system better, or perhaps even get a new system?

Mathias RisseHarvard University

Few things matter more than education. Yet education may be one of the few human endeavors where our sense of the "good old days" is accurate. Has the tide of progress left education behind? If so, why?

David SchmidtzUniversity of Arizona

How can corporate executives be motivated to focus on promoting social progress through their products, services, and production technologies?

Elizabeth AndersonUniversity of Michigan

How can the great power of capitalism be used to address issues of abject poverty around the world?

Jay B. BarneyUniversity of Utah

What can political models of government teach us about the successful integration of moral and economic values in business organizations?

Michael FuersteinSt. Olaf College

Global capitalism can, in principle, provide the resources needed for all members of the human population to have serious chances of leading fulfilling lives (assuming that the entire world undergoes the demographic transition). Currently, however, a large fraction of the population suffers from the skewed distribution of those resources. How can we maintain productivity while ensuring an equitable distribution of the resources people need?

Philip KitcherColumbia University

The free-market economic system, based on classical economic theory, has served the world well. But it has also shown its limits and deficiencies. We need more work now to support the changes that will make our woldwide economic system more sustainable and socially more acceptable.

Bertrand CollombLafarge

Shaping a better future through Digital Transformation.

Jim H. SnabeMaersk, Siemens

As business leaders I sincerely believe that we need to evolve in the way we do business from the traditional concept of capitalism maximizing only shareholder value to a new form of capitalism, one that shares the value we create among all stakeholders. Will business that adopt this way of doing business have a superior financial performance in the long run?

Ramón MendiolaFlorida Ice & Farm Company

While we have a reasonable understanding of how our market-oriented economic system works in society, I would like to see us address how this system can best work for society.

James WalshUniversity of Michigan

Capitalism cannot be restricted to boardrooms. The true wealth of a nation is measured by an educated populace, a fair society and the freedom to ideate.

S. D. ShibulalInfosys